Sepsis due to Yersinia enterocolitica in an aborted equine fetus: case report / Sepse por Yersinia enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado: relato de caso

Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and there are no previous records of this bacteria being isolated from aborted foals. This report aims to describe a case of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica in a seven month old aborted equine. The fequinoetus was submitted to necropsy and samples of all the organs were collected for the histological exam. Samples of liver, lung, placenta, and stomach contents were collected for bacterial culture. Macroscopically, the liver was enlarged with yellowish heterogeneous color, heart with pale myocardial areas; lungs not collapsed, heavy and shiny, thickened umbilical cord covered with fibrin and pus. Histopathologically, there was moderate multifocal necrosuppurative myocarditis and thrombosis, moderate diffuse suppurative bronchopneumonia, mild multifocal fibrinonecrotic hepatitis, and moderate diffuse necrosuppurative omphalitis with intralesional bacterial myriads and thrombosis. Mild multifocal suppurative placentitis, nephritis, myositis, cystitis, and dermatitis were also observed, in addition to mild diffuse lymphoid rarefaction. The microbiological evaluation identified Y. enterocolitica in the liver, lung, and stomach fluid. This is the first report of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica causing an abortion in a horse. This bacterium has zoonotic importance; therefore, it should be investigated in abortion in this species, serving as a differential diagnosis in reproductive disorders.(AU)

Yersinia enterocolitica é uma bactéria com potencial zoonótico, e não há informações desse agente como causa de abortamento em equinos. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de sepse por Y. enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado aos sete meses. O feto foi submetido à necropsia, e amostras de todos os órgãos foram processadas para histopatologia. Para microbiologia, foram coletadas amostras de fígado, pulmão, placenta e conteúdo estomacal. Macroscopicamente, observou-se fígado aumentado com coloração amarelada heterogênea; coração com áreas pálidas no miocárdio; pulmões não colabados, pesados e brilhantes; e cordão umbilical espessado e recoberto por fibrina e pus. Na análise histopatológica, havia miocardite necrossupurativa multifocal moderada e trombose, broncopneumonia supurativa difusa moderada, hepatite fibrinonecrótica multifocal discreta e onfalite necrossupurativa difusa moderada com miríades bacterianas intralesionais e trombose. Observou-se também placentite, nefrite, miosite, cistite e dermatite supurativa multifocal discreta, além de rarefação linfoide difusa discreta. A avaliação microbiológica identificou Y. enterocolitica no fígado, no pulmão e no líquido estomacal. Este é o primeiro relato de sepse por Y. enterocolitica causando abortamento na espécie equina. Essa bactéria tem importância zoonótica, portanto deve ser investigada em casos de abortamento nessa espécie, servindo como diagnóstico diferencial em tal distúrbio reprodutivo.(AU)

Comparación de la eficacia de la fototerapia convencional con tubos de luz azul vs. LEDs / Comparison of the efficacy of conventional phototherapy with blue light tubes vs LEDs

Introducción: La hiperbilirrubinemia (HB) es la principal causa de ingreso en unidades neonatales de bajo riesgo. Nuevos dispositivos de fototerapia (FT) permiten el uso de irradiación a dosis alta. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de la FT aplicada con equipos de tubos de luz azul (30 µW/cm2/nm) y FT con tecnología LED’s a dos niveles de irradiancia (30 y 40 µW/ cm2/nm) en términos de duración del tratamiento. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, controlado y randomizado. Los recién nacidos de término o cercanos al término que necesitaban tratamiento con luminoterapia fueron aleatorizados a tres grupos: 1) luz azul a 30 µW/cm2/nm (LC), 2) LED a 30 µW/cm2/nm (L30), y 3) LED a 40 µW/cm2/nm (L40). Resultados: Se incluyeron 165 pacientes, 54 en LC, 56 en L30 y 55 en el grupo L40. El peso al nacer, edad gestacional, horas a la aleatorización y los valores BST al ingreso a FT (18,9 ± 2 mg/dl en BL, 18,9 ± 2,2 en L30 y 19 ± 1,6 en L40) fueron similares. El tiempo total (horas) de FT fue: 54,4 ± 6,9 en LC, 53,4 ± 10,7 en L30 y 41,7 ± 6 en L40 (p <0,001). Los niveles de BST en la interrupción de FT (10,1 ± 1,7 mg/dl, 9,9 ± 1 y 8,9 ± 1,8, p = 0,002) y 24 horas después (9,6 ± 1,3 mg/dl, 9,8 ± 1,4 y 9 ± 1,8, p = 0,04) fueron menor en el grupo L40. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con LEDs a 40 µW/cm2/nm reduce en 12 horas la duración del tratamiento en comparación con LEDs o luz azul a 30 µW/cm2/nm.

Introduction: Hyperbilirubinemia (HB) is the main cause of admission to low risk neonatal units. New phototherapy devices (PT) allow the use of high dose of irradiance. Objective: To compare the efficacy of PT in terms of hours of treatment between blue light tubes and LEDs equipments with two levels of irradiance. Material and methods: Prospective controlled trial. Term or near-term infants with need of PT treatment according to AAP recommendations were randomized into three groups: blue lights PT with 30 µW/cm2/nm (BL) or LEDs PT with 30 µW/cm2/nm (L30) or 40 µW/cm2/nm (L40) at skin level. Results: 165 patients were included, 54 in the BL group, 56 in L30 and 55 in L40 group. Birth weight, gestational age, postnatal hours at randomization and total serum bilirubin (TSB) level at entry (18.9 ± 2 mg/dl in BL, 18.9 ± 2.2 in L30 and 19 ± 1.6 in L40) were similar between groups. Total time of PT were 54.4 ± 6.9 hours in BL, 53.4 ± 10.7 in L30 and 41.7 ± 6 in L40 (p <0.001). TSB levels at PT discontinuation (10.1 ± 1.7 mg/dl, 9.9 ± 1 and 8.9 ± 1.8, p = 0.002) and 24 hours later (9.6 ± 1.3 mg/dl, 9.8 ± 1.4 and 9 ± 1.8, p = 0.04) were lower in L40 group.Conclusions: PT treatment with LEDs at µW/cm2/nm reduced the duration of treatment in 12 hours compared with BL or LEDs at 30 µW/cm2/nm.

Influence of He-Ne laser therapy on the dynamics of wound healing in mice treated with anti-inflammatory drugs

We determined the effects of helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on wound healing dynamics in mice treated with steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Male albino mice, 28-32 g, were randomized into 6 groups of 6 animals each: control (C), He-Ne laser (L), dexamethasone (D), D + L, celecoxib (X), and X + L. D and X were injected im at doses of 5 and 22 mg/kg, respectively, 24 h before the experiment. A 1-cm long surgical wound was made with a scalpel on the abdomens of the mice. Animals from groups L, D + L and X + L were exposed to 4 J (cm²)-1 day-1 of He-Ne laser for 12 s and were sacrificed on days 1, 2, or 3 after the procedure, when skin samples were taken for histological examination. A significant increase of collagen synthesis was observed in group L compared with C (168 ± 20 vs 63 ± 8 mm²). The basal cellularity values on day 1 were: C = 763 ± 47, L = 1116 ± 85, D = 376 ± 24, D + L = 698 ± 31, X = 453 ± 29, X + L = 639 ± 32 U/mm². These data show that application of L increases while D and X decrease the inflammatory cellularity compared with C. They also show that L restores the diminished cellularity induced by the anti-inflammatory drugs. We suggest that He-Ne laser promotes collagen formation and restores the baseline cellularity after pharmacological inhibition, indicating new perspectives for laser therapy aiming to increase the healing process when anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

Simultaneous PAGE, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis of differentiation associated keratins in lesions of the oral mucosa

The expression of differentiation associated high PM Keratin polypeptides of the oral mucosa lesions were studied by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting techniques applied to adjacent sections of each biopsy specimen. The material studied included specimens of leukoplakia, verrucous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and keratoacanthoma. Little or no expression of 65-67 Kd keratins was evident in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Hyperkeratotic (both benign and dysplastic) lesions such as verrucous carcinoma, leukoplakia, and keratoacanthoma, showed great variations in the intensity of 65-67 bands and a very irregular immunohistochemical staining pattern. Increased amounts of horny substance was usually accompanied by absence of, or decreased expression of 65-67 Kd keratins, thus indicating a change in the polypeptide composition of the horny layer in pathological conditions of the oral epithelium.